Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

• Luke O. Jones,
• Leah Williams,
• Tasmin Boam,
• Martin Kalmet,
• Chidubem Oguike and
• Fiona L. Hatton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2553–2569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.171

• allowing syringe injectability [9]. It has been suggested that cryogels are more suitable for this application, as opposed to hydrogels, as a greater number of cells can be contained within the structure. With an exemption for injectable supramolecular hydrogel systems, which have been demonstrated to

Inhibition of peptide aggregation by means of enzymatic phosphorylation

• Kristin Folmert,
• Malgorzata Broncel,
• Hans v. Berlepsch,
• Christopher H. Ullrich,
• Mary-Ann Siegert and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2462–2470, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.240

• components on the peptide conformation during this process. This knowledge could become a useful tool in employing enzymatic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as triggers for or inhibitors of amyloid formation, as it was previously shown for a self-assembling, supramolecular hydrogel [44]. Results

Supramolecular polymer assembly in aqueous solution arising from cyclodextrin host–guest complexation

• Jie Wang,
• Zhiqiang Qiu,
• Yiming Wang,
• Li Li,
• Xuhong Guo,
• Duc-Truc Pham,
• Stephen F. Lincoln and
• Robert K. Prud’homme

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 50–72, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.7

• found that the adamantyl substituents aggregate in aqueous solution to form a micelle and that subsequent addition of α-CD leads to the formation of a supramolecular hydrogel as shown in Figure 11 [88]. The driving force for gelation is a combination of the hydrophobic aggregation of the adamantyl

• aggregation of these α-CD-complexed PEG molecular necklace segments to form a network and a supramolecular hydrogel. Because the interactions between the α-CD-complexed PEG segments forming cross-links are non-covalent and quite weak, their aggregations can be broken by applying shear force such that the

• -poly(ethylamine) strands substituted onto the dextran backbone of a poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ethylamine)-g-dextran copolymer, PEG-PEI-dex, is considered to form the network underlying the supramolecular hydrogel formed in aqueous solution at pH 10 as shown in Figure 16a [96]. (The PEG-PEI-dex

Synthesis and evaluation of the biostability and cell compatibility of novel conjugates of nucleobase, peptidic epitope, and saccharide

• Dan Yuan,
• Xuewen Du,
• Junfeng Shi,
• Ning Zhou,
• Abdulgader Ahmed Baoum,
• Khalid Omar Al Footy,
• Khadija Omar Badahdah and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1352–1359, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.145

• nucleopeptides, to connect a saccharide with the nucleopeptides for producing the target conjugates. All the conjugates themselves (1–8) display excellent solubility in water without forming hydrogels. However, a mixture of 5 and 8 self-assembles to form nanofibers and results in a supramolecular hydrogel. The

• conjugates exhibit excellent solubility in water without resulting in hydrogelation or precipitation. We observed that only the mixture of a proper pair of TTPV-containing (e.g., 5) and LGFNI-containing (8) conjugates self-assembles to form nanofibers and results in a supramolecular hydrogel. Moreover, the

Supramolecular hydrogels formed from poly(viologen) cross-linked with cyclodextrin dimers and their physical properties

• Yoshinori Takashima,
• Yang Yuting,
• Miyuki Otsubo,
• Hiroyasu Yamaguchi and
• Akira Harada

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.182

• hydrogel of α,α-CD dimer/VP forms a self-standing gel, which does not relax (G' > G'') in the frequency range 0.01–10 rad·s−1. On the other hand, the supramolecular hydrogel decomposes upon addition of bispyridyl decamethylene (PyC10Py) as a competitive guest. Moreover, the β-CD dimer (β,β-CD dimer) with

• VP does not form a supramolecular hydrogel, indicating that complexation between the C10 unit of VP and the α-CD unit of the α,α-CD dimer plays an important role in the formation of supramolecular hydrogels. Keywords: cyclodextrins; poly(viologen); supramolecular hydrogel; Introduction Development

• reports of supramolecular complexes with cyclodextrin (CD) dimers. A supramolecular hydrogel, which was constructed by the formation of an inclusion complex between the copolymer with an adamantyl group and CD dimer, showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) [11]. Another report indicated that